Neurofibromatosis
Neurofibromatosis is a group of genetic conditions that cause tumors to grow along the nerves — most often benign, but occasionally malignant. It is typically diagnosed in childhood or early adulthood and is managed by a multidisciplinary team.
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Neurofibromatosis is best managed by a multidisciplinary team with long-term follow-up. Regular surveillance is essential and typically includes blood pressure checks, skin and eye evaluations, hearing tests, growth monitoring, and skeletal assessment.
• Observation — asymptomatic patients may be managed with surveillance imaging and periodic exams
• Surgery — considered for symptomatic tumors causing motor or sensory deficits, hearing loss, or pain; the approach is individualized based on tumor size, location, and risk/benefit
• Radiosurgery — an alternative for certain tumors, especially vestibular schwannomas
• Hearing rehabilitation — cochlear implants or auditory brainstem implants may help patients with NF2-related hearing loss